Theories of European Integration free essay sample

For some mature ages, the scholastic study of the European Communities ( EC ) , as they were supposed, was practically equivalent with the review of European coordinating. The stomach muscle initio humble and for the most part technocratic achievements of the EC appeared to be less significant than the conceivable that they spoke to for the steady incorporating of the conditions of western Europe into something different: a supranational common request. At the point when the coordinating system was voyaging acceptable, as during the 1950s and mid 1960s, neo-functionalists and different theoreticians tried to explain the strategy whereby European incorporating continued from unassuming sectoral beginnings to something more extensive and progressively aggressive. At the point when things appeared to travel harshly, as from the 1960s until the mid 1980s, intergovernmentalists and others looked to explain why the coordinating methodology had non continued each piece wonderfully as its la minitiss had trusted. Despite the distinctions among these natural structures of hypothesis, we can state obviously that the early writing on the EC looked to explain the strategy of European incorporating (rather than, state, strategy making ) , and that in making so it drew for the most part ( however non altogether ) on speculations of worldwide dealingss. We will compose a custom exposition test on Speculations of European Integration or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the principal release of this volume, Carole Webb ( 1977 ) overviewed the contention among the so predominant schools of European coordinating, neo-functionalism, and intergovernmentalism, pulling from each assault a lot of derivations and theories about the idea of the EC strategy method. Additionally, here we audit neo-functionalism and its situations about the EU strategy system, thus the intergovernmentalist reaction, each piece great as the refreshing of # 8216 ; expansive intergovernmentalism # 8217 ; by Andrew Moravcsik during the 1990s. In add-on, we look at later natural structures of incorporating hypothesis institutionalism and constructivism-which offer extremely various places of the coordinating technique and extremely various findings for EU strategy making. Neo-functionalism Neo-functionalism In 1958, on the Eve of the constitution of the EEC and Euratom, Ernst Haas distributed his fundamental work, The Uniting of Europe, puting out a # 8216 ; neo-functionalist # 8217 ; hypothesis of provincial incorporating. As expounded in ensuing writings by Haas and different bookmans ( e. g. Haas 1961 ; Lindberg 1963 ; Lindberg and Scheingold 1970 ) , neo-functionalism set a system of # 8216 ; utilitarian overflow # 8217 ; , in which the underlying assurance by authoritiess to put a specific division, for example, coal and steel, under the approval of cardinal foundations makes power per unit territories to extend the approval of the foundations into neighboring nations of strategy, for example, money trade rates, income upgrade, and rewards. In this manner, neo-functionalists anticipated, sectoral incorporating would deliver the unintended and unexpected impact of progressing farther coordinating in additional issue nations. George ( 1991 ) distinguishes a second strand of the overf low technique, which he calls # 8216 ; political # 8217 ; overflow, in which both supranational histrions (, for example, the Commission ) and subnational histrions ( contribution gatherings or others inside the part regions ) make additional power per unit regions for farther coordinating. At the subnational degree, Haas proposed that association bunches runing in a fuse segment would hold to communicate with the universal association accused of the course of their part. Over clasp, these gatherings would come to value the advantages from incorporating, and would in this way reassign their requests, viewpoints, and even their truenesss from national authoritiess to another Center, along these lines going an of import power for farther coordinating. At the supranational degree, moreover, natural structures, for example, the Commission would advance such a transportation of truenesss, propelling European arrangements and facilitating bargains among the part regions in order to # 8216 ; redesign the normal contribution # 8217 ; . As an outcome of such sectoral and political overflow, neo-functionalists anticipated, sectoral coordinating would go independent, taking to the imaginative movement of another political element with its Center in Brussels. The a large portion of import piece of neo-functionalists to the overview of EU strategy making was their conceptualisation of a # 8216 ; Community technique # 8217 ; of strategy making. As Webb called attention to, this perfect sort Community technique depended for the most part on the perception of a couple of explicit areas ( the normal agrarian approach ( CAP ) , and the imposts fraternity, see Chapters 4 and 15 ) during the developmental mature ages of the Community, and introduced a discernable picture of EC strategy making as a methodology driven by a pioneering Commission and having supranational thought among part state agents in the Council. The Community technique in this position was non simply a lawful arrangement of strategy making foundations yet a # 8216 ; procedural codification # 8217 ; molding the standpoints and the conduct of the members in the methodology. The cardinal components of this unique Community strategy, Webb ( 1977: 13-14 ) proceeded, were fourfold: 1.governments acknowledge the Commission as a substantial bartering mate and foresee it to play a functioning capacity in building an approach agreement. 2.governments exchange with one another with a committedness to critical thinking, and haggle over how to achieve corporate judgments, and non whether these are attractive or non. 3.governments, the Commission, and different members in the technique are antiphonal to one another, do non do unsatisfactory requests, and are eager to do momentary relinquishes in standpoint of longer term increases. 4. Unanimity is the guideline, asking that exchanges proceed until all dissuasions are survived or losingss in one nation are made up for by increases in another. Issues are non seen as independent however related in a continuous system of assurance to such an extent that # 8216 ; log-moving # 8217 ; and # 8216 ; side installments # 8217 ; are conceivable. This Community strategy, Webb recommended, portrayed EEC dynamic during the period from 1958 to 1963, as the first six part areas met close by the Commission to set in topographic point the key components of the EEC imposts fraternity and the CAP. By 1965, in any case, Charles de Gaulle, the Gallic President, had accelerated the claimed # 8216 ; Luxembourg emergency # 8217 ; , take a firm remaining on the significance of territory sway and ostensibly go againsting the inexplicit procedural codification of the Community technique. The EEC, which had been planned to make a trip to broad qualified mass vote ( QMV ) in 1966, kept on taking most judgments de factoby unanimity, the Commission developed debilitated from its showdown with de Gaulle, and the country state seemed to hold reasserted itself. These tendencies were fortified, besides, by improvements in the seventiess, when monetary downturn prompted the ascent of new non-levy obstructions to stock among EC part areas and when the intergovernmental aspects of the Community were reinforced by the imaginative action in 1974 of the European Council, a customary top gathering of EU caputs of region and specialists. In add-on, the Committee of Permanent Representatives ( Coreper ) , an intergovernmental natural structure of part state agents, developed as a significant dynamic natural structure fixing resolution law for acknowledgment by the Council of Ministers. Also, exact surveies demonstrated the significance of national gatekeeping foundations ( H. Wallace 1973 ) . Indeed, even a portion of the major progresss of this period, for example, the innovative action of the European monetary framework ( EMS ) in 1978 were taken outside the development of the EEC Treaty, and with no proper capacity for the Commission or other supranational EC foundations. Intergovernmentalism Mirroring these turns of events, another # 8216 ; intergovernmentalist # 8217 ; school of incorporating hypothesis rose, get bringing down with Stanley Hoffmann # 8217 ; s ( 1966 ) guarantee that the country state, a long way from being neglected, had demonstrated # 8216 ; unshakable # 8217 ; . Most obviously with de Gaulle, yet accordingly with the increase of new part areas, for example, the UK, Ireland, and Denmark in 1973, part authoritiess clarified that they would resist the continuous transportation of power to the Community, and that EC dynamic would mirror the go oning supremacy of the country state. Under these fortunes, Haas himself ( 1976 ) articulated the # 8216 ; oldness of territorial coordinating hypothesis # 8217 ; , while different bookmans, for example, Paul Taylor ( 1983 ) , and William Wallace ( 1982 ) contended that neo-functionalists had thought little of the flexibility of the country state. At a similar clasp, authentic grant by Alan Milward and others ( Milw ard 2000 ; Milward and Lynch 1993 ) upheld the position that EU part authoritiess, rather than supranational associations, played the cardinal capacity in the verifiable advancement of the EU and were fortified, rather than debilitated, as a result of the coordinating system. By stand out from neo-functionalists, the intergovernmentalist picture recommended that # 8216 ; the bartering and agreement structure strategies which have risen in the Communities are simple polishs of intergovernmental discretionary exchanges # 8217 ; ( Webb 1977: 18 ) . Thus, the early versions of Policy-Making in the European Communitiesfound significant grounds of intergovernmental bartering as the prevailing way of strategy making in numerous

Stupid Boy Free Essays

More troublesome than the classes, more troublesome than the weight of school and obligations is the steady bothering of my female friends. In our school, they are the prevailing sex and women's liberation can be felt from miles around. Females control our school, and it is highly unlikely of getting around it. We will compose a custom article test on Moronic Boy or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The basic fantasy that ladies are mediocre compared to men is totally and absolutely off-base. Since the time I started secondary school, I realized that I was not quite the same as the different folks. Individually I saw my male companions being gotten rid of from the higher scholastic levels, leaving an overwhelmingly female group, however I was, and still am, resolved to keep my position. As the years have passed by, I have become the â€Å"token male† in huge numbers of the top classes. It is hard to clutch such an esteemed job when I realize that there are females encompassing me, prepared to demonstrate that the â€Å"token male† isn't as advanced as one would might suspect. I end up remembered for discussions about such things as male slamming and female attire that guys are normally prohibited from. At the point when we are in science, they gripe about pregnancy, and afterward turn contemptuous eyes toward me, protesting that I will never know the misery of labor. The odd thing is those discussions and persistent male-slamming meetings no longer stage me. Presently it’s hard to discuss â€Å"guy things. † I quite often go to females for scholarly discussion. At times there aren’t any folks around to discuss anything. I have figured out how to manage it however, and I’m cheerful that I’ve had this involvement in mortification. It has made me regard ladies more than I ever would have. I imagine that any self-regarding women's activist would be glad for me. My female science educator has named me â€Å"Token Male. In my propelled science, propelled material science, propelled English, and Spanish IV classes I am overpowered by the estrogen. I couldn’t envision not having Sarah around to get notes from, or Rose to chuckle when Mr. Marshall calls me articulate. I am not the normal person any longer. I tune in to the discussions with enthusiasm, holding back to interpose my own point of view. In any case, I am watchful not to pull in an excessive amount of consideration from one of the preying females. I go to the restroom and see a male companion out in the corridor and slap him five as I return into class. I look to the young ladies to hear them state, as one, â€Å"Stupid Boy. â€Å" Step by step instructions to refer to Stupid Boy, Papers

Research/analyze the contemporary globalization of one place Research Paper

/break down the contemporary globalization of one spot - Research Paper Example This paper will give nitty gritty evidences of how shanghai has experienced globalization and extended from being nearby to universal levels. The primary strategic this paper is to upgrade a superior contact with shanghai. The fundamental reason delineates that Shanghai is a rich city for Globalization. Rather than review globalization as an outside factor impacting Shanghai, this paper will show how globalization is inalienable in the city of Shanghai and that the examination of the unmistakable highlights of Shanghai beginning from the deserted processing plants which are presently seen as imaginative groups, to the Lilong models, extravagance shopping centers and road sellers illuminates the world globalization both before and what's to come. The primary factors that have prompted shanghai globalization are the travel industry attractions, the Shanghai’s resurgence, rivalry of the Chinese urban areas and the story of two urban areas (shanghai and Hong Kong). There are other unmentioned factors that have seen shanghai in to globalization. Shanghai is a worldwide city which considers itself to be the city of things to come. This proceeded with conviction of the Shanghai globalization is driven by the historical backdrop of the city. Considering this, questions like can shanghai vivify the cosmopolitanism of its past? Will its endeavors of cultivating a culture of imagination succeed? Would it be able to manage a urban brilliant age that is enthusiastic and imaginative enough to impact the remainder of the world simply like New York or London emerge. First shanghai will be seen as a model of improvement and exchanging accomplice for India. (Liu, 786). Besides, the city will be viewed as one of the significant zones of financial open door inside the bigger Chinese world. Without the worldwide business systems of the Taiwanese, Hong Kong and the Chinese American business people, shanghai city would not have ascended to more significant levels. Moreover, the city will be seen as a magnet for the movement inside the nation of China. Back in the old

Journal 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Diary 2 - Essay Example Barfing is something that is all inclusive but then so private, which makes it an ideal image of character. Myles is recounting to an anecdote about her political sestina, and afterward she portrays a story concerning a vessel of barfers. She needs to vomit herself due to her sonnet and her own affections for it. She needs to communicate her genuine feelings, similar to a barf would have. In actuality, be that as it may, it is difficult to be â€Å"real† without being decided as phony. I accept she needs to express that to vomit is â€Å"to be,† in the terms of â€Å"identity.† To vomit is completely normal in a most nauseating manner. Who said it is disturbing in any case? For what reason can't individuals unreservedly barf without being judged? As it were, the reason can't individuals be what their identity is and who they need to be with without feeling according to the individuals around them? Myles is demonstrating the best approach to knowing thyself throug h the craft of barfing the internal substance of oneself. Myles’ relationship with her mom is disturbed and the focal point of her barfing in light of the fact that as her mom, she is her establishment as an individual. Myles, all things considered, concedes her mind boggling relationship with the lady who brought forth her. From one viewpoint, she needs to be close to her once more. I need to affirm with Myles on the off chance that it is for friendship. Does she need to be with her mom as a result of her bombed associations with other ladies? She may be desiring for comfort from the first lady of her life. Or on the other hand, Myles may be censuring her mom for controlling her life, so she should endure with her. In spite of the anxious feelings, Myles comprehends that her mom has not totally decimated her. Living with her mom has transformed her into a vomit hater. She more likely than not had any desire to vomit since she makes some hard memories being who she is with her mom. Myles can't straightforwardly communicate her charac ter to her mom. Vomiting is her discharge. It is her method of â€Å"being† without being so unmitigated about it. Framing and

Essay example --

1 John Adamsâ€the first VP of the United States, an American Founding Father, and knowledgeable Republicanâ€is most regularly known for being the second leader of the United States. As a deep rooted adversary to servitude, Adams never purchased a slave in his life. He helped Thomas Jefferson in the composition of the Declaration of Independence, and arranged the harmony bargain with Great Britain. Adams won the Presidential Election in 1796 with just having just three votes more than Thomas Jefferson. Be that as it may, John Adam’s life wasn’t all dependent on administration, clearly. His initial life was similarly as typical as anybody else’s. John Adams was conceived on October 30, 1735 in Quincy, Massachusetts to John Adams Sr. what's more, Susanna Boylston. Adam’s origination is presently part of Adams National Historical Park. [3] He was naturally introduced to a typical however not well off cultivating family. His dad earned a living as a rancher and shoemaker around fifteen miles from Boston. Adams cherished the outside, and was continually playing hooky to go chasing and angling. He would have favored an actual existence as a rancher, however later on his father demanded that he get conventional training. Adams went to a neighborhood school that was intended for showing aptitudes of perusing and composing, and he additionally went to a Latin school for the individuals who wanted to head off to college. Adams ordinarily applauded his dad and showed that he and his dad were close when he was a youngster. Youthful Adams went to Harvard College at age sixteen out of 1751. His dad anticipated that him should turn into a pastor, however Adams had questions. In the wake of graduating in 2 1755, he showed school for a couple of years in Worcester, permitting himself an opportunity to consider his profession decision. Later on, he chose to turn into a legal advisor, and contemplated law in the workplace of John P... ...ever possessed a slave either. I figure it would have been exceptional in the event that he made it so it was illicit to possess a slave yet then that would have messed more up for his administration and heaps of individuals would cast a ballot against him. I imagine that once everybody got some answers concerning Adams being against subjection, that’s what hurt him in the political race when he ran for his subsequent term and got beat. I likewise like that he was tied in with making the world quiet, despite the fact that he realized individuals would detest him for it. The manner in which Adams took care of wars was acceptable in light of the fact that he was continually figuring out how to make it to harmony without very battling or doing battle. Despite the fact that there were wars that they went to, Adams did what he needed to do to get it over with. He advanced around war however much as could be expected. By and large, John Adams is one of my preferred presidents generally in light of what he did and what he trusted in. Exposition model - 1 John Adamsâ€the first VP of the United States, an American Founding Father, and knowledgeable Republicanâ€is most regularly known for being the second leader of the United States. As a deep rooted adversary to subjection, Adams never purchased a slave in his life. He helped Thomas Jefferson in the composition of the Declaration of Independence, and arranged the harmony settlement with Great Britain. Adams won the Presidential Election in 1796 with just having just three votes more than Thomas Jefferson. Yet, John Adam’s life wasn’t all dependent on administration, clearly. His initial life was similarly as ordinary as anybody else’s. John Adams was conceived on October 30, 1735 in Quincy, Massachusetts to John Adams Sr. what's more, Susanna Boylston. Adam’s origination is currently part of Adams National Historical Park. [3] He was naturally introduced to a typical however not affluent cultivating family. His dad earned a living as a rancher and shoemaker around fifteen miles from Boston. Adams adored the outside, and was continually playing hooky to go chasing and angling. He would have favored an actual existence as a rancher, yet later on his father demanded that he get conventional training. Adams went to a neighborhood school that was intended for showing abilities of perusing and composing, and he additionally went to a Latin school for the individuals who wanted to attend a university. Adams regularly adulated his dad and showed that he and his dad were close when he was a youngster. Youthful Adams went to Harvard College at age sixteen of every 1751. His dad anticipated that him should turn into a clergyman, yet Adams had questions. In the wake of graduating in 2 1755, he showed school for a couple of years in Worcester, permitting himself an opportunity to consider his vocation decision. Later on, he chose to turn into a legal counselor, and examined law in the workplace of John P... ...ever claimed a slave either. I figure it would have been exceptional on the off chance that he made it so it was unlawful to possess a slave yet then that would have messed more up for his administration and bunches of individuals would cast a ballot against him. I believe that once everybody got some answers concerning Adams being against subjugation, that’s what hurt him in the political decision when he ran for his subsequent term and got beat. I likewise like that he was tied in with making the world serene, despite the fact that he realized individuals would abhor him for it. The manner in which Adams took care of wars was acceptable in light of the fact that he was continually figuring out how to make it to harmony without very battling or doing battle. In spite of the fact that there were wars that they went to, Adams did what he needed to do to get it over with. He advanced around war however much as could reasonably be expected. Generally speaking, John Adams is one of my preferred presidents for the most part in view of what he did and what he had confidence in.

Admitted International Students F-1 Visas

Admitted International Students F-1 Visas Now that you have some information about the I-20 Process, you are probably wondering, “What comes next?” As you may already know, international students need to obtain an F-1 visa to enroll in an academic institution in the United States. So, I will go over some important Frequently Asked Questions regarding the F-1 visa. What is an F-1 visa?  An F-1 visa is a document issued to degree-seeking international students who will be studying at an academic institution in the United States. When do I begin the F-1 visa process?  The process begins after you receive your I-20 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and pay your SEVIS fee. You will also need to contact the U.S. embassy or Consulate in your home country to book an F-1 visa interview. How to prepare for the F-1 visa interview? Visa interviews can be a bit stressful! It is always a good idea to be well prepared to alleviate any stress. Here are some helpful tips from our International Students and Services Office (ISSS) to help you get ready for your upcoming visa interview. Where will the visa interview be conducted? The visa interview is held at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate in your home country. You can refer this list of U.S. embassies and consulates. When will I receive my F-1 visa? This can vary depending on many factors. Generally speaking, you can expect to receive your visa within five to ten business days. Please check the U.S. Department of State Visa Appointment Processing Wait Times. When can I enter the U.S. after receiving my F-1 visa? You can enter the U.S. no sooner that 30 days before the program start date that is listed on your I-20. What if my visa gets denied? Can I reapply? Usually, you can reapply. However, be prepared to provide new information or evidence before you begin the re-application process. If you were denied a visa, please contact our office as soon as possible to let us know that you will not be attending the University of Illinois at this email: admissions@illinois.edu We look forward to seeing you here on campus! Suha Assistant Director, Undergraduate Admissions I have a master’s degree in American and Middle Eastern Studies. I’m lucky to be working with our international students as they navigate their way through the admissions process and during their exciting journey to the Illinois campus!

Tips for Your Common App Essay

HomeApplyEssaysTips for Your College Admission Common App EssayThis page may contain affiliate links.Oct 11, 2018                                                   Does the prospect of writing your Common App essay fill you with fear? You are not alone.   In the ten years I’ve worked with high school seniors on their college admission essays, I’ve helped them brainstorm their topics, find their writing voices and create essays that reflect their authentic selves. My students often ask me these questions: What should I write about? Are there essay topics I should I stay away from? And what strategies will help to make my essay stand out (in a good way) from the pack? Here are some college essay writing tips that really work:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Write in Your Own Voice: First and most important Your essay should be written by you. When a weary college admission staff person flips to your application folder, they want to hear your own authentic student voice. Your essay should sound like it was written by a 17 or 18-year-old because it was  written by a 17 or 17-year-old.   Sure, you can have help to brainstorm an essay topic and you can ask a trusted advisor to read your draft.   But you should be the sole author of your essay. You Choose the Essay Topic: Tell a story that is uniquely you. For that is what an amazing college essay is – your own story. A story that reflects your character, your experience, your personality and your values. As you consider which prompt to choose, think about†¦What hasn’t already been said about you in the other parts of your Common Application? What is unique about you that a college should know? Every high school student you included has a compelling personal story to share. You may have to dig to find it, but it is there. Heres What NOT to Write About: You may be a fabulous writer, but do stay away from overused topics such as: How my grandparents death affected me. The challenge of my parents ´ divorce. The goal I made in the big game or the goal I didn’t make in the big game. How I helped poor people on my community service trip to a foreign country and learned they are just like us. Be honest, but do not over-reveal. You do not need to tell the college admission staffer about the impact a nose bleed had on you while you were taking the SAT.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here are Ideas What TO Write About: Share a slice of life story from that reflects who you are – your character, your values, your heritage, your developing sense of self. Ideas to get you started in the brainstorming process: Do you visit your grandfather on his farm in Vermont every summer and to help build a new workbench in his barn? Tell a story of one day at the farm. Give specific and vivid details. Make the reader feel as if he or she was in the barn right there with you. Write about the time you discovered you might want to become an architect, a cardiologist or a teacher. Show how you found this out through a story about a single experience you had. Demonstrate your passion for fly-fishing, coin collecting, coding or bicycle repair. Write about what you learned, how you learned it and why the activity appeals to you. Let your passion for your hobby jump off the page. Help the admission staff understand how you were transformed by your father’s recovery from alcoholism, your older brother’s suicide or your mother’s chronic illness. Remember the essay is about you, what you learned and what you didn’t, not about your relative. Relate your enthusiasm for the subject you want to study in college to your personal experience. If you grew up as the youngest sister in a family of four older boys and struggled to have your voice heard at the dinner table, perhaps that is why you want to major in communications. Tell that story! Do you have a quirk to your personality? Were you the tallest girl in the third grade who overcame her shyness to join the high school crew team where your height finally worked to your advantage? If you have a diverse background or are a first generation to college applicant, share that through a narrative about yourself. Did your Macedonian mother marry an American farm boy from rural Indiana? Offer descriptive details that show your life through sensory descriptors such as aromas, sounds and tastes. How to Structure Your Essay: Invite your reader into your story with a powerful first line. Open with a dialogue or action. Start strong to grab the reader’s attention. For example: â€Å"When the head chef scolded me for the third time that I was placing the cherry tomatoes on the wrong side of the appetizer plate, I knew I was in trouble.† After setting the stage in you first paragraph, go deeper with details in your second, third and fourth paragraphs. Perhaps weave in another aspect of your experience and relate it to what you talked about in the first paragraph. Relate your experience learning how to play the tuba to your passion for repairing old bicycles. Grab attention through compelling anecdotes and examples. Vary your sentence length and your paragraph length. Keep the reader interested throughout. End strong. Do not simply repeat what you have already said. Make your essay memorable! How to Polish Your Essay Before Submitting It. Even if you think your first draft may be fabulous, it isn’t. Put your first draft away for a day or two. Take it out again and re-read it. Does it say what you want an admission person to know about you? Revise, revise, revise. Even if you hate revising. Read your essay aloud. Do your hear your voice coming through? Read it aloud again. Spell check will not find all of your errors. Trust me on this. Edit and proofread carefully. Watch for grammatical errors. Omit  ¨clutter ¨ words such as â€Å"however,† â€Å"in addition† and â€Å"moreover.† Simple words are often best. Have a trusted advisor read your essay to help you catch errors – but DO NOT let anyone else write the essay for you. Resist the urge to over-edit. The essay should capture your voice and your tone and no one else’s. I hope these tips help you write a Common App essay that showcases your best self in the college admission process. These suggestions worked well for my students; follow them so they can work for you, too. Good luck! If you want feedback and editing help from top professional writers, check out Prompt.  To receive a special discount for Road2College readers, sign up and create a parent and student account within Prompt. This allows you to purchase credits for your student to use and collaborate with your student on their essays.

Economy Science And Technology - 1428 Words

Danny Dextre Kevin Wilson Hum 110-358 10/2/2014 Economy Innovated Through Science Technology When we look at science and technology in today’s current society, our economy plays a key role. Through science and technology, the most we look for in the economic world is the creation of jobs, created innovative ideas, and steps to make companies more profitable. These are things that I believe would help benefit the economy through scientific technological innovation. In the prehistoric ages, our economy would have not existed if man had not created the wheel and without the use of science and technology, we would not be creating new job or having new innovated ideas to better the companies around the world. The economy depends upon scientific technological resources. Today’s companies most are producing enough goods and demands to where those demands help to generate the creation of new jobs, and also helps companies to keep their competitive edge in order to stay above every one of their competitors. In most cases, being is a lot easier than being unemployed, u nemployed people who are actively trying to find work and get discouraged due to the jobs available or what companies are generally hiring for. There is a conservative idea that cutting taxes for the lower, middle, and upper classes with jobs, but that will not work now or in the future. In today’s society, the government is not certain that jobs will not be sustained, but we need to come up with innovatedShow MoreRelatedSpeech On Good Choices1014 Words   |  5 Pagesthe circular economy is vital for climate change mitigation. 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No matter how high the efficiency of a countrys economy is running, it must continue to be limited by its own resources and markets. Only by integrating global resources and markets can a countrys economy get rid of the shackles of resources and markets to the maximum extent under the current conditions. Economic globalization can bring about the most advantageous conditions for production, sell in the most favorableRead MoreThe Sky Is The Limit944 Words   |  4 Pagesidea of limitlessness concerning the exploitation of our world’s resources. I agree with the fact that many resources that we have are underappreciated and over used. Berry describes our current economic state as, â€Å"a commonly accepted basis of our economy is the supposed possibility of limitless growth, limitless wants, limitless wealth, limitless natural resources, limitless energy, and limitless debt.† As a society as a whole, we continue to spend a nd use and spend and use without any regard ofRead MoreThe NSI And Japans National System Of Innovation Model921 Words   |  4 Pageson the flows and relationships of knowledge and technology among people, enterprises, and institutions, especially for analysis on â€Å"knowledge based economies – economies which are directly based on the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information† (OECD, 1997). Japan is considerably one of these knowledge based economies. As an overview, Japan is aiming to shift more so from DUI (doing, using, interacting) to STI (science, technology, innovation) solutions in the near future. ThereRead MoreThe Importance Of Space Exploration1622 Words   |  7 Pagesas there does not appear to any direction or goal; whereas, other countries have dramatically increased their commitment to space. Examples are China, sending men to space and India, which is sending satellites to Mars. Space exploration drives economies and consequen tly, these other countries are becoming industrial powerhouses. America is in danger of losing its place as a leader in everything connected with space. The discoveries that have stemmed from research in space exploration, have givenRead MoreContent Analysis Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude world population, economy, disaster costs, global health, climate change and global warming, environmental issues, water crises, education and employment, migration, science and technology, and outlook. Each section builds from the previous section. The sections part priority into messages of the magnitude, importance and direction of natural disasters, global warming, overpopulation, and industrialization. Recurrent words are population and over population, economy, natural disaster, dataRead MoreThe Future Of Workforce During America1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Future of Workforce in America The origin of the industrial revolution, which later made America the greatest economy in the world, had its roots in America’s advanced position in science and innovation. Ford’s Assembly line is one such example of innovation; it resulted in mass-production and made America the largest manufacturing country in the world. Manufacturing industries than became the foundation of economic growth, and provided jobs to many Americans and immigrants. United States retained

The Attack On The United States - 976 Words

The Attack on the September 11, and the consequent War on Terror changed how the American government and its public perceive terrorism and how to formulate a policy to counter the phenomenon. A couple of large wars were waged on the name of War on Terror and many other small wars and conflicts took place in numbers of countries and continents to eradicate the threat of a terrorist attack. Yet the terrorist groups survived and the United States were left with a large debt acquired by expensive counterterrorism effort. After more than a decade, we are still facing the same enemy with no concrete plan to end the conflict. As long as the United States remains as a world powerhouse and a key player in global stage, it will be a target of a terrorist attack, so there must be an effective plan to finally end the threat of terrorism. The counter-terrorism strategy of the United States following the Attack on September 11 has been largely ineffective. In order to end the Fourth Wave of Modern Terrorism, there must be a strategy shift within the United States government while simultaneously creating a counter-narrative to oppose Al-Qaeda s propaganda. The Fourth Wave of Terrorism began with Al-Qaeda and it must end with destruction of this organization. Al-Qaeda is the most notable terrorist organization of the twenty first century. Many of the group like Al-Shabaab in Somalia, Abu Sayyaf of Philippines and Boko Haram in Nigeria are designated by global community as a terroristShow MoreRelatedThe Attack Of The United States1353 Words   |  6 Pages The date September 11, 2011 will forever in our minds. This date known as 9/11 has changed the world forever. It was horrific and devastating to the world when United States was attacked by an Islamic Extremist group called Al-Qaeda. They were on a suicide mission and planned out to target 4 main sites. They wanted to strike the 2 Twin Towers in New York City, the Pentagon and the Capitol in Washington, DC. At the time, airport security was weak and not equipped or educated enoughRead MoreThe Attack Of The United States2417 Words   |  10 PagesSeptember 11, 2001 is a day that will forever live in every American’s mind. The terrorist attack that took nearly 3,000 lives was highly publicized, many channels played live footage of New York City as the Twin Towers were attacked. Watching the violence firsthand caused people across the nation to become incredibly invested in what had occurred. Americans felt violated; The notion of safety and freedom at home was wrenched away the moment that American Airlines flight 11 crashed into the NorthRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The United States1453 Words   |  6 Pages 2001, alleged Al-Qaeda members attacked the United States of America with four passenger planes, Boeing 757s. Two planes flew into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center in New York, one plane flew into the Pentagon, and the remaining plane was possibly targeting the White House but was unsuccessful. People all over America felt an utter shock and disbelief after this tragic event as people demanded answers. After the terrorist attacks, a portion of Americans started to believe inRead MoreCyber Attack On The United States1674 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Cyber attack has been a huge problem for so many years and there have been a lot of attempts to stop it but there have not been enough resources for this to happen. This paper offers more top to bottom clarification of Cyber attack, reasons, dangers, and defenselessness. It talks about the impact on individual; gives situations of Cyber attacks lastly clarifies ways that people can keep themselves from being casualties of Cyber attack. This paper will give insights on how Cyber attack impactedRead MoreThe Terrorist Attacks Of The United States1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2001 terrorist attack in the United States had negative social and economic effects in the country and generally stirred the peace of the citizens. Terrorism is a major threat to any sovereign country in the world including the United States where. There are other threats that influence the comfort and the interests of the residents of the United States in varying measures (Decker, 2001). The Department of Homelan d Security is tasked with the protection of the people from any activity that influencesRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The United States1298 Words   |  6 PagesThere have been numerous different terrorist attacks on the United States in all the years, but 9/11 is by far the worst. On September 11, 2001, around 8:45 a.m., something that will live in the memories of others forever. With around 3,000 fatalities and millions of people affected by this disaster it would be day that is never forgotten. A terrorist group, led by Osama Bin Laden, known as Al Qaeda teamed up with the Taliban to plan these awful attacks. Bin Laden was a millionaire’s son and was foundRead MoreTerrorist Attacks on the United States1994 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The September 11 attacks changed many aspects of American life and governmental policies† (September 11 Terrorist Attacks on the United States). It all started on September 11, 2001 in New York. 9/11 made history with its tremendous de struction and deaths. Many people were killed in the collapse of the World Trade Center Towers, additionally those who jumped down from stories above and the hundreds who asphyxiated in the massive smoke that had spread from New York to Washington D.C.. Many AmericansRead MoreThe United States Attack On Afghanistan2141 Words   |  9 PagesTo what extent was the United States attack on Afghanistan aimed directly at the Taliban? Do governments hold grudges? From a realist perspective it is understood that every government places their self-interest above others. However, what happens when a state or group interrupts or interferes with another states’ journey to fulfill their self-interest? America’s self-interest has always been securing the oil needed to maintain the growth of the American economy. The question is in reference toRead MoreThe Terrorist Attacks Of The United States Essay2177 Words   |  9 Pagesterrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001 in the United States, the CIA was very aware of Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups who’s aim was to target the United States. The CIA became aware of Al Qaeda when they were tracking Osama Bin Laden in 1991 for financing terrorist attacks. As previously discussed, the CIA followed Bin Laden to Afghanistan where they eventually declared war on him. In 1999 the CIA was aware of and defeated Bin Laden operatives planning a series of attacks againstRead MoreThe Terrorist Attacks Of The United States Essay2060 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Living the United State when one thinks of a terrorist attacks often their mind will first go to a larger scale attack such as the events of September 11th 2001. â€Å"September 11, 2001 changed the United States forever, the terrorist attack that day marked a dramatic escalation in a trend toward more destructive terrorist attacks which began in the 1980s. It also reflected a trend toward more indiscriminate targeting among international terrorists. The vast majority of the more than 3

Siege of Fort Ticonderoga in the American Revolution

The Siege of Fort Ticonderoga was fought July 2-6, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Opening his Saratoga Campaign, Major General John Burgoyne advanced down Lake Champlain in the summer of 1777 with the initial goal of capturing Fort Ticonderoga. Arriving, his men were able to emplace guns on the heights of Sugar Loaf (Mount Defiance) which dominated the American positions around the fort. Left with little choice, the forts commander, Major General Arthur St. Clair, ordered his men to abandon the fortifications and retreat. Though criticized for his actions, St. Clairs decision preserved his command for use later in the campaign. Background In the spring of 1777, Major General John Burgoyne devised  a plan for achieving victory over  the Americans. Concluding  that New England was the seat of the rebellion, he suggested separating  the region from the other colonies by advancing down the Hudson River corridor while a second column, led by Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger, moved east from Lake Ontario. Rendezvousing at Albany, the combined force  would drive down the Hudson, while  General William Howes army marched north from New York. Though the plan was approved by London, Howes role was never clearly defined and his seniority prevented Burgoyne from issuing him orders. British Preparations Prior to this, British forces under Sir Guy Carleton had attempted to capture Fort Ticonderoga.  Sailing south  on Lake Champlain in the fall of 1776, Carletons fleet was delayed by an American squadron led by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island.  Though Arnold was defeated, the lateness of the season prevented the British from exploiting their victory.   Arriving in Quebec the following spring, Burgoyne began assembling his army and making preparations for moving south.  Building a  force of around 7,000 regulars and 800 Native  Americans, he gave  command of his advance force to Brigadier General Simon Fraser while leadership of the right and left wings of the army went to Major General William  Phillips and Baron Riedesel.  After reviewing his command at Fort Saint-Jean in  mid-June, Burgoyne took to the lake to begin his campaign.  Occupying Crown Point on June  30, his army was effectively screened by Frasers men and the Native Americans. American Response Following their capture of Fort Ticonderoga in May 1775, American forces had spent two years improving its defenses.  These included extensive  earthworks across the lake on the Mount Independence peninsula as well as redoubts and  forts on the site of the old French defenses to the  west.  Additionally,  American  forces built a fort atop nearby Mount Hope.  To the southwest, the height of Sugar Loaf (Mount Defiance), which dominated both Fort Ticonderoga and Mount  Independence, was left undefended as it was not believed that artillery could be pulled to the summit.   Major General Arthur St. Clair. Public Domain This point had been challenged by Arnold and Brigadier General Anthony Wayne during earlier stints in the area, but no action was taken. Through the early part of 1777, American  leadership in the region  had been in flux as Major Generals Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates  lobbied for command of the Northern Department.  As this debate continued, oversight  at Fort Ticonderoga fell to Major General Arthur St. Clair.   A veteran of the failed invasion of Canada as well as the victories at Trenton and Princeton, St. Clair possessed around 2,500-3,000 men.  Meeting with Schuyler on June 20, the two men concluded that this force was not sufficient to hold  the Ticonderoga defenses against a determined British attack.  As such, they devised two lines of retreat with one  passing south through Skenesboro and the other heading east toward Hubbardton.  Ã‚  Departing, Schuyler told his subordinate to defend the post for as long as possible before retreating.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) Conflict: American Revolution (1775-1783)Date: July 2-6, 1777Armies and Commanders:AmericansMajor General Arthur St. Clairapprox. 3,000 menBritishMajor General John Burgoyneapprox. 7,800 menCasualties:Americans: 7 killed and 11 woundedBritish: 5 killed Burgoyne Arrives Moving south on July 2, Burgoyne advanced Fraser and Phillips down the west shore of the lake while Riedesels  Hessians pressed along the east bank with the goal of attacking Mount Independence and cutting the road to Hubbardton.  Sensing danger, St. Clair  withdrew the garrison from  Mount Hope later that morning due to concerns that it  would be isolated and overwhelmed.  Later in the day, British and Native American forces began skirmishing with the Americans in the old  French lines.  In the course of the fighting, a British soldier was captured and St. Clair was  able to learn more about the size of Burgoynes army.  Recognizing the importance of Sugar Loaf,  British engineers ascended the  heights and covertly began clearing space for an artillery emplacement (Map). Baron Friedrich Adolf Riedesel. Public Domain A Difficult Choice: The next morning, Frasers men occupied  Mount Hope while other British forces began dragging guns up Sugar Loaf.  Ã‚  Continuing to work in secret, Burgoyne  hoped to have Riedesel in place on the  Hubbardton Road before the Americans discovered the guns on the heights.  On the evening of July 4, Native American campfires on Sugar Loaf alerted St. Clair to the impending  danger.   With the American defenses exposed to the British guns, he called  a council of war  early on July 5.  Meeting with his commanders, St. Clair made the decision to  abandon the fort and retreat after dark.  As Fort Ticonderoga was a politically important post, he recognized that the withdrawal would badly  damage his reputation but he felt that saving his army  took precedence.   St. Clair  Retreats Gathering a fleet of over 200 boats, St. Clair directed that as many supplies as possible be embarked and sent south to Skenesboro.  Ã‚  While the boats  were escorted south by Colonel Pierse Longs New Hampshire Regiment, St. Clair and the remaining men crossed to Mount Independence before marching down the Hubbardton Road.  Probing the American lines the next morning, Burgoynes troops found them deserted.  Pushing forward, they occupied Fort Ticonderoga and the surrounding works without firing a shot.  Shortly thereafter, Fraser received permission to mount a pursuit of the retreating Americans with Riedesel in support. Aftermath In the Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, St. Clair suffered seven killed and eleven wounded while Burgoyne incurred five killed.  Frasers pursuit resulted in the Battle of Hubbardton on July 7.  Though a British victory, it saw the American rearguard inflict higher casualties as well as accomplish  their mission of covering St. Clairs retreat.   Turning  west, St. Clairs men later rendezvoused with Schuyler at Fort Edward.  As  he predicted,  St. Clairs abandonment of Fort Ticonderoga led to his removal  from  command and contributed to Schuyler being replaced by Gates.  Ã‚  Firmly arguing that his actions had been honorable and were justified, he demanded a court of inquiry which was held in September 1778.  Though exonerated, St. Clair did not receive another field command during the war.   Advancing south after his success at Fort Ticonderoga, Burgoyne was hampered by  difficult  terrain and American efforts to slow his march.  As the campaign season wore on, his plans began  to unravel following a defeat at Bennington and St. Legers failure at the Siege of Fort  Stanwix.  Increasingly  isolated, Burgoyne was forced to surrender his army after being beaten at the Battle of Saratoga that fall.  The American victory proved a turning point in the war and led to the Treaty of Alliance with France.

Essay on Slaughterhouse Blues Book Review - 1587 Words

Mo . [Email address] Mo . [Email address] ANTH 3330 S. Metress ANTH 3330 S. Metress Slaughterhouse Blues: Book Review Michael Farhoud Slaughterhouse Blues: Book Review Michael Farhoud In Slaughterhouse Blues, anthropologist Donald Stull and social geographer Michael Broadway explore the advent, history, and implications of modern food production. The industrialized system behind what we eat is one of the most controversial points of political interest in our society today. Progressions in productive, logistical, retail, and even biological technologies have made mass produced foods more available and more affordable than ever before. This being said, the vague mass production of ever-available cheap â€Å"food† carries with it several hidden†¦show more content†¦Cecile Steele, who ended up becoming a broiler chicken farmer due to a mistaken order. Utilizing her example, the chicken industry took off. Before long, it was figured out that by taking advantage of supplements and vitamins, growers could raise poultry completely indoors. Chicken yards and coops turned into little metal pens and cages. By the 1930’s big business was already getting its hands into the industry by way of men like John Tyson and Frank Perdue, who achieved vertical integration by combining production, processing, and distribution to build regional and national businesses. Contracted chicken growers working for these businesses under their specifications came to replace independent chicken farmers working for themselves. Becoming more and more efficient as they went on, poultry companies all but destroyed the marketability of the goods for the independent farmers, pushing them almost completely out of the picture. In chapter four, it is said that from colonial times to the 1950’s when it was overtaken by beef, pork was the major source of meat for Americans. Pioneers kept hogs as free-range animals that foraged for their food. Corn-fed pigs grew faster and bigger, so it was common practice to round up surplus hogs and corn-feed them in the weeks before they went to market (value is weight-based). In 1818, the first meatpacking plant in Cincinnati was opened and became the dominating entity in pork production until the civil war,Show MoreRelatedCritical Book Review of Slaughterhouse Five2406 Words   |  10 PagesIn Slaughterhouse Five, Kurt Vonnegut explains his experience of the World War II bombing of Dresden, Germany. Vonneguts creative antiwar novel shows the audience the hardships of the life of a soldier through his writing technique. Slaughterhouse Five is written circularly, and time travel is ironically the only consistency throughout the book. Vonnegut outlines the life of Bi lly Pilgrim, whose life and experiences are uncannily similar to those of Vonnegut. In Chapter 1, Kurt Vonnegut non-fictionallyRead MoreDesigning Architecture And Urban Planning Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagessurroundings. The form of the modern art museum is a spiral rotunda that is architecturally significant. For the reason that it has a unique shape and form; also it is controversial among people especially art critics and architects. A passage in the book â€Å"How Architecture Works: A Humanist’s Toolkit† describes the way the museum looks to pedestrians â€Å"The first view for most pedestrians walking up Fifth Avenue is a tantalizing glimpse of a fragment of what appears to be a giant cream colored-coloredRead MoreVonnegut s Slaughterhouse Five 1807 Words   |  8 Pages In Vonnegut’s novel Slaughterhouse-Five, he has a way of not only revealing truth but hiding it as well. Many view this novel as an anti-war book and with that one could infer that the main truth he would wish to reveal is the sadness, horror and truth of war. However, there are other smaller truths one come to uncover as they read on. This book becomes an analysis by one, and reading is when they analyze his words how they want. Here is how I see his truths, whether being revealed or hiddenRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesStephen, Billy Elliot Making Multicultural Australia, www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au It is also suggested you choose 3-4 related texts as you will have more to discuss. You do not have to read a full book; a story from an anthology can be enough. You can also choose a poem, a picture book, film or photographs. Remember though that you will need to discuss at length the relevance of the chosen piece to write about how belonging is represented in the text, how are the ideas about belonging broughtRead MoreDollar to Fall as World Currency12311 Words   |  50 Pagestried to counter the inflation by imposing price controls. But when inflation continued, the government price controls made the price producers were getting so ridiculously low that they simply stopped producing. bakers stopped making bread... slaughterhouses refused to sell meat to the stores... other stores closed down So what did the government do next to try to curb inflation? Well, one bright idea they had was to force stores to fill out government documents every time they increasedRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pagesany supposed inferior group. Humor is also sometimes an inappropriate response to an event. Hearing of evils like the killing of an innocent person, the demeaning of a child, or the rape of a woman should elicit not humor but sorrow. As the Bible’s book of Ecclesiastes says, there is â€Å"a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance.† Enlightening comments on the relationship of humor to wisdom were once made by Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971), perhaps the twentieth-century’sRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlin Kevin Murphy Laura Ierardi Allison Morris Hilary Newman mb editorial services David Levy  ©Michael Eudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored inRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesJayawardena, â€Å"Migration and Social Change: A Survey of Indian Communities Overseas,† Geographical Review 58, no. 3 (1968): 426–449; Amarjit Kaur, â€Å"Indian Labour, Labour Standards, and Workers’ Health in Burma and Malaya, 1900– 1940,† Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (2006): 425–475; Dudley L. Poston Jr. and Mei-YuYu, â€Å"The Distribution of the Overseas Chinese in the Contemporary World,† International Migration Review 24, no. 3 (1990): 480–508; and various other sources. A  majority of Asians also moved

Micro Econ Free Essays

Describe the efficient market hypothesis and give a piece of evidence consistent with this theory. Markets operate efficiently when resources are fully employed and output is produced at lowest possible costs at quantities that correspond to rational consumer behavior. Market efficiency involves both productive and allocative efficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on Micro Econ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Productive efficiency is concerned with quantity of goods and services produced. It is achieved when it is impossible to increase output of one type of product without reducing the output of another product i.e. all resources are fully employed and the economy is operating on its production possibility curve. Allocative efficiency is achieved when the resources are allocated in the right proportions to produce different goods and services to give a product mix that reflects consumers’ preferences. (Grant, 2003) The term ‘efficient’ as used by economists simply means, ‘If price and quantity take anything other than their equilibrium values, a transaction that will make at least some people better off without harming others can always be found.’(Frank and Bernanke, 2001)   This is known as Pareto efficiency, named after the Italian economist, Vilfredo Pareto. It is a state whereby there is no way of making one party in a market better off without making the other party worse off. It is achieved when productive and allocative efficiency interacts. An efficient transaction creates an economic surplus. If a product sells below the market equilibrium price, it is not efficient. 2. The cleaning service firm Clean All plc increased its workers wages by 4% and it experienced an increase in its profits. How can this have happened? Increasing wages boosts workers’ productivity. Workers are also tempted to work for longer hours which also increase productivity. This results in higher profits and labor turnover is also significantly lowered. Even though wages are higher, the firm may not have significantly higher labor costs per unit of output. An employer’s reservation price for a worker is the most the employer could pay without suffering a decline in profit. In a perfectly competitive labor market, this price is the value of worker’s marginal product (VMP). A worker’s marginal product is the extra output the firm gets as a result of hiring that worker. Value marginal product is the net contribution the worker makes to the employer’s revenue i.e. result of multiplying the worker’s marginal product by the net price for which each unit of product sells. By reason of the law of diminishing returns, we know that the marginal product of labor, hence VMP, declines in the short run as the quantity of labor rises. The individual employer’s demand curve for labor, in this case Clean All plc may be shown as downward sloping function of wage rate. The supply curve of labor for any particular occupation is upward sloping. 3) Does on increase in saving lead to a higher standard of living? Why? Might a politician prefer not to try to introduce resources increase at the rate of saving? Yes, savings lead to higher standard of living. Savings are that part of current income that is not spent on current needs .Higher rates of saving today leads to faster accumulation of wealth and the wealthier an economic unit is (e.g. household or nation) the higher its standard of living in the future. Savings are mostly employed in financial investments e.g. government bonds or shares of stock in a corporation. These pay returns in form of interest payments, dividends or capital gains High returns are desirable of course   because the higher the return the faster ones savings grow. The rate of return most relevant is savings decision is the real interest rate i.e. the rate at which the real purchasing power of a financial asset increases over time .it is the market nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. The real interest rate is relevant to savers because it is reward for savings. Empirical evidence suggests that higher real interest rates lead to increases in savings (Frank and Benanke, 2001). Politicians tend to benefit e.g. by gaining political mileage when the economy is favorable, thus they tend to exert a strong bias toward expansionary policy. What prevents politicians from implementing the expansionary policies is inflation at least to fear of generating on acceleration inflation. Inflation is a continuous rise in price level measured with price indexes. If money supply rises the price level will also rise. Inflation does not promote a favorable political environment. References Bernanke, B. and Frank, R. (2001): Principles of Economics .New York: McGraw-Hill Colander, D.C (2001): Economics, New York: McGraw Hill Companies. Eaton, B., Diane F. and Douglas W. (2002): Microeconomics.5th Edition: New York, Prentice Hall Mankiw, N. (2000): Principles of Microeconomics. London, South-Western Pub Prentice Ha Grant, S. J. (2003): Stan Lake’s Introduction Economics, 7th Edition. Harlow: Pearson’s Education ltd Ruffin, R. and Paul R. (2000): Principles of Microeconomics. New York, Addison Wesley How to cite Micro Econ, Essay examples

Comparative Social Responsibility and Business Ethics Management

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Social Responsibility and Business Ethics Management. Answer: Introduction: Maintaining corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the proper way is the main concern for any business organization nowadays, where the management and the administration should be cautious about the healthy productivity and public welfare of the company (Lindgreen and Swaen, 2010). This report gives emphasis on a beverage companys [New Belgium Brewing Company (NBB)] CSR, which is situated in the United States. The company produces beverage products, and the brand maintains appropriate fermentation procedure for their beer production. Here, the CSR has been described in the perspective of employee concerns, social concerns, environmental concerns of the company and the core belief of the company has been elaborated for their growing demand in the business market. The case study also depicts the future prospect of the company towards a sustainable development into the global market. The blending procedures and the equipment used by the company, which shows the methodical approach of the production and the external factors related to the business environment discuss the procedural approach needed for the company. Environmental issues and strategic approach towards a sustainability for NBB: Environmental issues to be addressed As conspicuous from the given case study, New Belgium Brewing Company intended in addressing some of the issues related to the environmental (Schneider and Schmidpeter, 2012). It indicates their utmost level of commitment in creating the eco-friendly business environment as a part of their corporate social responsibility. It has already been included in the New Belgium Brewing Companys a set of philosophy as one of the core values. As being evident in the case study, there are three domains of the environment in which New Belgium Brewing Company took measures in showing commitment to addressing issues about the environment. They are: Conservation of energy Resorting to the act for keeping water resources clean Reduction of waste products Strategic approaches to addressing the environmental issues New Belgium Brewing Company, as mentioned in its vision statement, has been committed to adopting strategic approaches in addressing the environmental issues (Attfield, 2014). Under the efficient leadership of Kim Jordan, the management of the company has taken several strategic approaches for dealing with the issues related to the environment. Since its inception, New Belgium Brewing Company has been showing commitment in the preservation of energy. For serving this noble purpose, the business enterprise resorted to the use of technologies. With the help of these technologies, New Belgium Brewing Company has been able to make efficient utilisation of smart grid. With the help of this smart grid, the organisations have been able to make the contribution in preserving power. It has been proved reliable in detecting the technical faults and enhancing the quality of the electrical power. In addition to that, New Belgium Brewing Company installed the photovoltaic system for making effect ive use of solar power. As averred by (Keller, 2010), use solar energy is preferred by most of the multi-national companies worldwide. New Belgium Brewing Company is no exception to it. It is preferred as it makes the effective contribution in preventing environmental problems from being caused to a great extent. Use of sun tubes can be held responsible for preserving the energy and it has been given preference by the New Belgium Brewing Company. The business organisation also used brew kettle as an important part of energy preservation strategy adopted by the business enterprise. For preserving different sources of water, New Belgium Brewery Company resorted to different sorts of measures. As being conspicuous in the case study, the management of the organisations reported to the installation of the system. This system played the efficient role in arresting the flow of wastewater. Moreover, the serious thought was given by the management of the company in purifying contaminated water through extrication of the harmful element named methane from the sources of water (Thompson, 2010). A proper blending procedure has been followed over the year by the company, which has ensured the quality of the products. The New Belgium Brewing Company has been able in reinforcing the support for the cause of introducing rules and regulations pertaining to keeping the sources of water clean. The New Belgium Brewing Company has been able to take active participation in the waste management. It has been done with the adoption and implementation of strategies pertaining to the process of transforming the waste into materials worth reusing (Rolston, 2012). The prominent business organisation New Belgium Brewing Company gave serious concern in accelerating the process of transformation by including some of the materials in it. They are boxes made of cardboard, staffs of the offices etc. Moreover, serious though are given by the management in encouraging the local peasants in accumulating and assembling cereals at the free of cost. The company has played a chief role on coaxing the members of the organisations in buying the products which are transformed. It also installed Process Water Treatment Plant for managing the wastewater in an effective manner (Small, 2012). The company also took participation for the causes of Business for Innovative Climate Energy policy and Energy which is known as BICEP and Leadership in Energy and Environment Design for Existing Buildings which is known as LEED-EB. They are committed to the protection of environment and climate. The reasons behind adopting concrete measures for sustainable development The New Belgium Brewing Company has every reason for adopting the measures. The main reason is that showing the utmost level of commitment in ensuring the safety of the environment and creating the eco-friendly environment for facilitating the success of the business in terms of ethics in business and corporate social responsibility (Holton et al. 2010). Fixing equipment like sun tubes, brew kettle, smart grid, the photovoltaic system was given preference by the company as these things are the important role player in the process of conserving the sources of energy. In accordance with the given case study, the installation of the system for arresting the flow of waste and contaminated water has been able to make approximately fifteen percentage contribution in fulfilling the needs for energy. This gave them a major boost in preserving water sources which in turn reduces the extent of dependency of the brewery factories on the local municipality bodies. Use of solar energy has been pr oved useful in preserving the sources of energy. The company was focused on the use of recycled products for reducing the intensity of the pollution in the climate (Sims and Gegez, 2010). It also intended to facilitate the growth of the agriculture and industry simultaneously with the effective use of recycled products. It will help in reducing the discharge of the carbon elements for ensuring sustainable environmental growth (Zikmund et al. 2013). Joining environmental organisations and being part of the environmental related projects are the manifestations of the willingness of the New Belgium Brewing Company in preserving the environment and managing climate change. Advantageous outcome of the Social responsibility taken by NBB: The social responsibility issues are embedded in the core beliefs of the company, though it is producing beverage products but it should follow the health safety and security measures for the welfare of the society (Okpara and Idowu, 2013). NBB has a good product preparation strategy, they do not compromise with the quality of the product, which has created a huge demand in the marketplace and across the country, and the growing demand for the product proves the brand value of the company. Without the social responsibility, this could not be achieved because the company is covering almost the entire class of the society through its product. The company is also encouraging the society through its various social activities, which includes lots of charitable works to the several sections of the society. They are associated with the philanthropic investments towards the other corporate houses and it is organising some events for the society. They are also invested a lot for their distrib utors for a better supply chain management. The philanthropy committee of the company decides the donation procedures and the committee consist the owners, area leaders and employees (Strobel et al. 2015). This company is socially aware and try to boost the capacity of the non-profitable organisations, which proves that they want to grow with the others (Aguinis and Glavas, 2012). A report has shown that they invested approx 7 million dollars for the charitable cause. NBB is also donating one percent from their total revenue for the global cause and this shows the company is concerned for not only of its own territory but also for the sectors of the world. It has been observed that the company is giving lots of emphasis towards social works. The Kim Jordans vision and mission are heading the company towards a better future, where the organisational growth and social welfare will work together. This company also provides an online portal where the non-profit organisations can appeal for some donations and the grant commission of NBB inspects the justification of the appeal and according to that, they allocate the donation for the organisation. The company through their charitable work gives lots of emphasis on the water conservation, development of the transportation, improvement of the agricultural sector and the also plays a big part in spreading the environmental awareness among the youth of the country. The company is a coming forward over the years as an event sponsor, where the statistics are showing that it is supporting many events for the social cause for supporting various environmental and social issues. The study about the New Belgium Brewing proves the company is not only concentrated on its moneymaking policy but also donating lots of money towards the social cause, which is helpful for the society especially for the non-profitable organisation. The company is making a good profit from the market and their product demand is also growing day by day, but they are concerned about the society within which they are doing their business and for that reason, the company is helping the other corporate houses to grow like them. The environmental and social concern of the company is bringing the company into a good position day by day, although there is a strong market competition with the other beer companies, but the polite approach towards the customers beginning from the labelling strategy to final delivery and the social welfare have enlightened the business ethics of the company. The strong values within the management and the democratic approach for creating a fund for donation are s howing that the New Belgium Brewing is doing their business with humanity (Borkowski and Ugras, 2010). The following points summarise the steps taken by the company for social welfare and which are heading the company towards an advantageous position with respect to others. The company is donating into philanthropic work, which shows the humanity of the organisation and this also advantageous for the company according to its internal and external benefits (Barnea and Rubin, 2010). Charitable works help to build the public relations, create a good reputation about the company. It also helps to make a profit with the help of good brand promotions and public sentiments help to build a good image for the company. Charitable giving also improves the engagement among the employees and it helps to set a good morale for the company (Bnabou and Tirole, 2010). The employee engagement delivers a better teamwork and that can result up to a better productivity. The corporate philanthropy is also helpful for the business growth of the company, which helps to create a community or a target audience for a particular product (Werther Jr and Chandler, 2010). In addition, the tax deduction could be possible for the company through the segmentation of revenues into different funds for donation. It also ensures the publicity of the company into a vast sector. By sponsoring an event, the company can perform a good brand promotion across a vast sector and the advertisement of the event is also helpful for spreading the awareness of the brand through social media, television and newspaper (Gainer, 2010). The objective of the business also gets highlighted through proper brand promotion. Investing into non-profitable organisations also shows a good business ethics of the company, which should be recognised by the society and it can give the successful outcome. Those are also some important factors which determine the success of NBB, and the article shows that the company is sponsoring as much as event possible for them. They are also getting awards for several philanthropic works, which is helpful for the future growth of the company. Discussion on NBBs social responsibility as a beverage product producer with justification: This notion has become passe that just because the New Belgium Brewing Company markets alcohols along with tobaccos, it cannot be regarded as responsible business entities in terms of social norms (Zenk et al. 2014). The contribution of the business entity has been conspicuous from the case study when it comes to the matter of philanthropy and charity. It has donated millions and millions of dollars to charity as well as for the welfare of the distressed people. Ever since it has been established, the New Belgium Brewing Company has not shown misery in showing their philanthropic attitude towards distressed people all around the globe. As per the referred case study, the amount of donation made by New Belgium Brewing Company exceeds seven million US dollar.The amount of donation is a scanty part of the total sales which is an approximation of a percent (Wang and Qian, 2011). It has played the chief role in attracting a lot of people belonging to the local communities. Consequently, t he brand value of the company increases amongst the minds of the local people. The New Belgium Brewing Company laid the foundation of Philanthropy Committee for expanding their network of charitable and philanthropic activities. It has played a major contribution in involving local the people in the business process of the company. In addition to that, the New Belgium Brewing Company has made sincere efforts in facilitating the application for providing with an endowment. It is regarded as a business entity committed to preserving the balance of environmental factors (Carroll and Shabana, 2010). It also advocated the idea of facilitating the steady growth of the agricultural economy. In Colorado, where the company headquarters, it showed sincere support to many of the campaigns organised for the sake of protecting the balance of the environment. The company stretched out its hands in helping the people belonging to the local communities in every possible way. In this process, the company has involved almost all the stakeholders associated with the business. In this way, the organisation has been able to promote the concept of corporate social responsibility. The New Belgium Brewing Company has increased its brand value by putting the focus on the organisation of different kinds of events (Horvat et al. 2014). It has been encouraging a number of non-profit organisations or NGOs so that they can make an effective contribution in minimising the level of risk factors of the environment. In this context, the name of the Tour De Fat can be mentioned. Through this, the New Belgium Brewing Company has helped many organisations which are non-profitable in nature in achieving their objectives in terms of environmental and social. The contribution of the New Belgium Brewing Company in developing the awareness regarding the creation of eco-friendly environment cannot be denied. It has been done successfully with the introduction of educational programs for youth of the society. It has also resorted to performing noble cause by helping homeless people through rehabilitation programs. Because of these philanthropic activities, the experts did not make any hesitation in including the company into the list of the best of fifteen little-sized business enterprises in accordance with the parameters set up by The Wall Street Journal. Apart from that, the New Belgium Brewing Company has received many of the awards for performing excellence when it comes to the matter of maintenance of ethics in a business environment (Du et al. 2010, p.12). Because of being able to resort to corporate social responsibility, the company has been able to create a brand image in the minds of its stakeholders internal and external alike. Through the events like New Belgium Beer Dinners events, the company has been able to reach to people belonging to different strata of society. It has also played important role in addressing the issues related to the matter of abusive activities because of alcohol. For contributing to the social causes, the New Belgium Brewing Company has been praised by many of its customers. As a result of that, it has been able to increase the volume of sales (Karnani, 2010). The New Belgium Brewing Company has also played important role in increasing the level of the employees satisfaction through the creation of an environment where business ethics speak the last word (Strobel et al. 2015). Birthday celebrations of all the members of the organizations are being conducted with great joy. Furthermore, the members of the are allowed to get free access in the workplace along with their siblings. They are also given important place in the matter of decision making adopted by the company. Conclusion: Corporate social responsibility in the aspect of a beverage company, situated in the United States has been elaborated through a proper case study in this report. The report meets the points according to the business objectives taken by this company and the core beliefs, which ensures the better productivity and brand promotion of the company. NBB Company is following proper manufacturing technique for beer production and the business ethics is mainly the special concern of the company. The business focuses on the employees need, sustainable development and social responsibilities, which ensure the success of the organization. The report discusses in an argumentative way that how the working strategies have helped the organisation and what need to be focused more on a better future prospect. The company is simultaneously focusing on the environmental issues related to the product manufacturing. It discusses the environmental aspect that the company is trying to maintain through energ y, water, and waste management. The company is also shaping the society towards a good future with the help of its philanthropic work. Reference List: Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know dont know about corporate social responsibility a review research agenda. Journal of management, 38(4), pp.932-968. Attfield, R., 2014. Environmental ethics: An overview for the twenty-first century. John Wiley Sons. Barnea, A. and Rubin, A., 2010. Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. Journal of business ethics, 97(1), pp.71-86. Bnabou, R. and Tirole, J., 2010. Individual corporate social responsibility. Economica, 77(305), pp.1-19. Borkowski, S.C. and Ugras, Y.J., 2010. Business students and ethics: A meta-analysis.journal of Business Ethics,17(11), pp.1117-1127. Carroll, A.B. and Shabana, K.M., 2010. The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research practice.International journal of management reviews, 12(1), pp.85-105. Du, S., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Sen, S., 2010. Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication.International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 8-19. Gainer, B., 2010. Corporate social responsibility. In Third Sector Research (pp. 187-200). Springer New York. Holton, I., Glass, J. and Price, A.D., 2010. Managing for sustainability: findings from four company case studies in the UK precast concrete industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(2), pp.152-160. Horvat, J., Calopa, M.K. and Trojnar, L., 2014. Social Responsibility of Companies. Economic Social Development: Book of Proceedings, p.586. Karnani, A., 2010. The case against corporate social responsibility. Wall Street Journal, 23, pp.1-5. Keller, D.R., 2010. Environmental ethics: The big questions. John Wiley Sons. Lindgreen, A. and Swaen, V., 2010. Corporate social responsibility.International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), pp.1-7. Okpara, J.O. and Idowu, S.O., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Rolston III, H., 2012. A new environmental ethics: the next millennium for life on earth. Routledge. Schneider, A. and Schmidpeter, R., 2012. Corporate social responsibility.Verantwortliche Unternehmensfhrung in der Praxis, Berlin ua. Sims, R.L. and Gegez, A.E., 2010. Attitudes towards business ethics: A five nation comparative study.Journal of Business Ethics,50(3), pp.253-265. Small, M.W., 2012. Attitudes towards business ethics held by Western Australian students: A comparative study.Journal of Business Ethics,11(10), pp.745-752. Strobel, M., Tumasjan, A. and Welpe, I., 2015. Do business ethics pay off?.Zeitschrift fr Psychologie/Journal of Psychology. Thompson, P.B., 2010. The agrarian vision: Sustainability environmental ethics. University Press of Kentucky. Wang, H. and Qian, C., 2011. Corporate philanthropy corporate financial performance: The roles of stakeholder response political access.Academy of Management Journal, 54(6), pp.1159-1181. Werther Jr, W.B. and Chler, D., 2010. Strategic corporate social responsibility: Stakeholders in a global environment. Sage Publications. Zenk, S.N., Powell, L.M., Rimkus, L., Isgor, Z., Barker, D.C., Ohri-Vachaspati, P. and Chaloupka, F., 2014. Relative absolute availability of healthier food beverage alternatives across communities in the United States. American journal of public health, 104(11), pp.2170-2178. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013. Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Australian Aboriginal peoples and evidence - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Australian Aboriginal peoples and evidence. Answer: In the present healthcare scenario in Australia, there is no secret that Aboriginal people experience poorer health as compared to non-indigenous people. Health disparities in terms of access to healthcare services and treatment for major illness are disquieting in an affluent country like Australia. This disparity in healthcare among the Aboriginals is penetrating the heart of country declaring that they are to be forgotten people as the issue need to be catapulted to the forefront of the countrys healthcare system. As per the damning article by The Sydney Morning Herald, Australia, there is ongoing racism in the present healthcare system that is exacerbating the yawning gap between Aboriginals and non-indigenous health (Humanrights.gov.au, 2017). This stark finding is a reminder for nursing practice that being healthcare professionals, at every level need to have cultural sensitivity while working with indigenous communities for the preservation of common good. There is a failure to engage the Aboriginals effectively in the healthcare system that is resulting in poor health outcomes among them. A widespread and disturbing ambivalence is related to discomfort, social silence and denial characterises the mainstream Australian population. The problem of racism anxiety at all health system levels fail to acknowledge their health problem, cultural needs and identity that act as barriers to their access to healthcare services. Nursing is the profession that can help to establish health equality in the healthcare system being at the frontline in the provision of care. The elements of cultural sensitivity, concern and care elements instilled in nursing practice help in the promotion of common good in the society locally and globally (Schoo, Lawn Carson, 2016). The above discussion seems alarming realizing that competing priorities argue that whether the principle of common good is promoting health equalities among the Aboriginal and non-indigenous population. From the nursing perspective, there is need for recognition of racism that is acting as strong barrier to the achievement of health equality and culturally safe healthcare system for the Aboriginals. The state and federal government need to work in collaboration with co-ordinated partnerships taking into account the cultural and social determinants of health. Nursing profession is at the prime position and has the ability to holistically address this health inequality rooting from social determinants, stemming and branching off. Nurses work towards health promotion in a direct and indirect manner for the prevention and treatment of illness along with advocacy in the provision of care (Phillips Malone, 2014). They are placed in such a position where the poor health outcomes of Aborigi nals can be improved through alleviating the worst effects of racism and poverty. The past treatment of Aboriginals in Australia is a direct failure in closing the gap that is highly unacceptable. The Australian Human Rights Commission along with the United Nations described that social disadvantage Aboriginals are facing in Australia today. Closing the Gap is the main target to increase accessibility to healthcare for the Aboriginals. There is lack of cultural incompetency and that acts as a significant barrier in seeking healthcare services as there is no respectful rapport or relationship formed between the healthcare professional and an Aboriginal patient (Doyle, 2015). Nurses can help to close the distinct difference between Aboriginals and non-indigenous population by committing to social justice and heath equity central to nursing. For the promotion of common good, there is requirement of nurses attention towards health disparities among Aboriginals that is deeply embedded in their profession in making societal impact. In the nursing profession, heath equity is the main priority where every individual should have equal access to healthcare services attaining fairness being the part and parcel of their teaching, research and practice. Under the Standards of Practice for registered nurses in Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), nurses should recognize the importance of culture to health and wellbeing understanding the impact of colonization on social, cultural and spiritual lives of Aboriginals that has contributed to significant health disparities in Australia (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017). Closing the Gap is one initiative regarding health equity and availability reflecting the research being done to reduce health gap. The enjoyment and recognition of their cultural and human rights is one way to eradicate the health disparity among Aboriginals. As nurses spend maximum amount of time with patients, future nursing profession can aid to address the institutionalized racism, intergenerational trauma and cultural pre-eminence against Aboriginal health inequality (Taylor, 2016). Indigenous nursing is a ray of hope that can make difference and close the gap in the health disparity among Aboriginals ensuring equality in healthcare. Cultural sensitivity and health equality among Aboriginals can protect their human rights and promote common good where nurses commit to see positive health outcomes closing the gap in the future. References Doyle, K. E. (2015). Australian Aboriginal peoples and evidence-based policies: Closing the gap in social interventions.Journal of evidence-informed social work,12(2), 166-174. Humanrights.gov.au, (2017), Close the Gap: Indigenous Health Campaign | Australian Human Rights Commission. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-social-justice/projects/close-gap-indigenous-health Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, (2017), Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. Retrieved from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx Phillips, J. M., Malone, B. (2014). Increasing racial/ethnic diversity in nursing to reduce health disparities and achieve health equity.Public Health Reports,129(1_suppl2), 45-50. Schoo, A., Lawn, S., Carson, D. (2016). Towards equity and sustainability of rural and remote health services access: supporting social capital and integrated organisational and professional development.BMC health services research,16(1), 111. Taylor, G. (2016). Closing the gap: A decade on.Newsmonth,36(2), 2.

Quality Management in Education

Introduction Improving the quality of education around the world has become an important activity as many institutions of higher education (colleges and universities) struggle to create better educational opportunities for their current and prospective students. According to various stakeholders in the education sector, quality management has become one of the fundamental components of higher education in the 21st century.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Quality Management in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The access to education is no longer an important fundamental component of education as quality education continues to gain centre stage in many educational institutions. Basic education is now deemed insufficient or incomplete if it is not accompanied by quality management in teaching and learning strategies. Quality education has gained a lot of importance as it is used in the development of excellence, knowledge and expertise which are vital aspects in the growth of an economy (Ali Shastri, 2009). Many educational institutions around the world have developed strategies that will be used in the establishment of higher education to ensure that there is quality in education provision. This has mostly been possible as a result of the increasing importance and value placed on leadership and leadership skills within organizations. Gaining good leaders to be established in the world is only possible when there are developed systems of higher education that will ensure efficiency and effectiveness remain as the sole criteria of evaluating performance (Ali Shastri, 2009). The purpose of this study will be to determine what institutions of higher learning have to do so as to achieve quality in their educational objectives, missions, visions, goals and strategies. The study will first discuss the aspect of quality and quality management in a general sense and then focus on how quality management is applied in educational institutions. Quality Management Quality management is part of the management strategies that are aimed at achieving quality goals within organizations through the execution of organizational activities such as planning, monitoring, control and quality assurance to ensure quality has been achieved in the business processes and operations of an organization.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quality management is based on principles such as customer focus, cost leadership, product/service development and the continual improvement of a company’s operations so as to achieve a competitive edge in the market. The most commonly used quality management technique in organizations is the total quality management (TQM) approach which aims at improving the total quality of business operations within an organization (Cua et al, 2001). Other a pproaches that are used in quality management include ISO performance improvement standards (ISO certification), quality management systems, quality function deployment and the six-sigma quality management technique. The main objectives of all these quality management approaches are to organize the efforts of employees within organizations so that their work performance produces outputs that are of a high quality and standard (Anand et al, 2010). The main component of quality management is quality which is defined as the degree to which a certain group of intrinsic properties satisfy certain requirements. The term intrinsic properties refer to the innate or permanent properties that exist in certain aspects, matters or situations where these properties meet the expectations of outlined standards or requirements (Dahlgaard et al, 2002). Quality applies to products, services, business operations, organizational systems and interdependent processes that exist within an organization. Qu ality within organizations ensures that the products or services developed by organizations have met the requirements set by the organization’s managers or by the ISO standards that are used to determine the quality of an organization’s products (Cummings Worley, 2008). The concept of quality is based on positive and dynamic ideas that involve achieving the design of meaningful investments rather than negative aspects that lead to product or service defects. Because quality is both a dynamic and positive idea, it has the ability to continuously evolve making the concept an endless journey that has a deliberate purpose which is that of improving the standards of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Quality Management in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Quality and quality management are both customer-focused approaches that are meant to improve the processes of an organiz ation through the use of interdependent systems such as planning, evaluation, control and quality assurance (Mukhopadhyay, 2005). The current view of quality management in today’s modern organization is that it is a system made up of interdependent processes that have been linked in a lateral way meant to create a network of internal and external collaboration between suppliers and customers. These interdependent processes have been connected to represent the company’s mission and purpose so that it can be able to achieve its objectives and goals (Bilen, 2010). Another view of quality management is that the people (employees or workers) of an organization are the tools that give organizations a competitive edge over their rivals. It enables employees to contribute to the overall growth and success of the organization by allowing them to participate in leadership activities, creativity and intelligence building as well as managerial capacity building (Daft Marcic, 2008 ). Quality Management in Education Quality management in education is a fairly new concept as the main focus of education in the past has been on ensuring that there is a general accessibility to education by all. This focus has however shifted as more and more educational institutions focus on ensuring that there is accessibility to education that is of a high quality. According to Simin and Xuqing (2005), there are two views that exist on education quality with the first one stating that the quality in educational activities is usually reflected by the quality of students an institution of higher learning is able to churn out to the job market after it has measured their performance against the institutions objectives and goals. The second view of quality education is based on whether the products offered by educational institutions are able to fully maximize the potential and ability of students so that they can be contributing members of the society. These views propose the idea that education is based on the transformation of students so that they can be contributing members of the society (Sallis, 2002). Quality in the education sector is therefore measured on the type of input and output processes that take place in educational institutions. The input in education according to Ming and Hualin (2011) refers to teaching and learning strategies that are used to instill various concepts and methodologies to students while output refers to students who have actively been transformed through teaching and learning strategies.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The transformation of students does not only depend on the amount of teaching, training or research they have been given but also on their level of active involvement in the transformation process. This means that the same instructors or teachers working for the same educational institution cannot be able to produce the same cadre of students once the transformational process is over. Also, the active involvement of students in the transformation process varied in nature as every student has their own individual expectations of the learning exercise and also the type of outcomes that will be gained from once they have undergone educational transformation. Quality in education therefore refers to the type of educational activities that will be used to satisfy the requirements of the society by building and nurturing the intellectual capacity of students (Ming Hualin, 2011). Tribus (2010) developed quality principles based on the works of Edwards Deming to reflect quality in educatio n. According to Tribus, the first principle in quality education refers to the redefinition of education where the role of faculty advisors, deans, lecturers and student advisors is translated to reflect quality provision of educational services. This principle discusses how various educational providers work within a system similar to that of an organization. The job of the faculty head or vice chancellor of the institution is to work on the system so as to constantly improve it continuously with other members of staff. Constant improvement refers to finding better ways of improving the quality of education with institutions of higher learning (Tribus, 2010). The second principle of quality in education according to Tribus (2010) is that quality improvement is the answer to any educational problem that might be experienced within the educational institution. This principle involves determining the customer’s perceptions of quality and using this perception to develop educati onal programs that will meet their expectation. According to Pfeifer (2002), the quality of any process is usually defined by the type of customers included in the transformation process. Quality management views the customer as the person who is next in line to receive a service or purchase a product and quality will therefore depend on the type of process that is used to meet the expectations of the customer. This according to Tribus (2010) gives rise to an internal customer which in the education context refers to students who are customers of course instructors. The third principle proposed by Tribus (2010) in explaining quality in education is the process over product principle where attention is placed on the process that is used to develop or improve the product. In the educational context, this principle can be translated to mean that if the student’s performance is to be improved, attention needs to be focused on the teaching or learning process and not on the passin g of examinations. This means that the individual potential of students needs to be discovered so that the level of development in the student can be used to develop suitable learning or teaching strategies. Attention is therefore not focused on evaluating and defining the potential of the student but on developing learning techniques that will be used to develop problem-solving abilities. The application of this principle in the quality management of education in higher education institutions involves both the teacher and the learner working together to improve the educational process of the student (Tribus, 2010). The fourth principle of quality in education is the perversity principle which involves improving the performance of a system of people, processes, procedures and practices where goals and objectives are developed for the individual parts of the system. The most commonly used quality management technique in implementing this principle is the management by objectives (MBO ) approach where the manager and subordinate agree on what the subordinate needs to accomplish so as to meet organizational targets. In the educational context, the course instructor and student agree on the course objectives that the student needs to achieve for them to be able to excel and meet their educational requirements (Tribus, 2010). These principles demonstrate quality management in education is depicted in terms of its impact on the students who are targeted by educational programs. Quality management in education targets the improvement of teaching and learning processes so as to transform students during the learning process. Quality management is therefore an inevitable factor that will be used by institutions of higher education to shape their teaching processes so that they can be able to satisfy the various expectations of stakeholders such as parents, students and the society at large. Quality management will ensure that educational goals and objectives developed b y academic institutions have been met and satisfied (Sahney et al, 2004). Application of Quality Management in Universities The basic roles and functions of higher education include seeking and cultivating new knowledge that will enable students to engage in the vigorous pursuit of information, providing the right kind of leadership skills that will help individual learners to develop their potential, equip society with competent individuals who will be trained in various professions and also promote equality or social justice to reduce any instances of social and cultural differences that might arise without any form of education. Higher education in universities and other institutions of learning also seeks to foster teacher student relationships that will instill certain attitudes and values that are needed to develop individuals as well as bring universities/colleges closer to the society at large through the extension of knowledge (Ali Shastri, 2009). Quality management in hig her education is made up of dimensions such as consistency where the education process seeks to provide quality that is consistent in nature, fitness to purpose where quality meets the customer’s specifications, value for money where students pay for course programs in return for efficiency and effectiveness and transformative educational dimensions where education is viewed as an ongoing process that is meant to transform and empower students. Quality management in education therefore seeks to incorporate the above-mentioned dimensions to ensure that there is quality higher education (Becket Brookes, 2008). To be able to achieve total quality management in higher education, universities and colleges need to first create an awareness of the need for quality improvement in their educational programs. This will involve identifying the various segments of teaching or learning programs that are in need of improvement and then informing the relevant actors of the need for change or improvements. Once this is done, goals need to be developed and set to ensure that there is a continuous improvement of the educational programs within the institutions of learning. Once the goals have been set, the next step will involve building organizational frameworks and institutions that will be used to achieve the set out goals (Borahan Ziarati, 2002). These frameworks will include establishing quality councils and selecting project teams for these councils that will be used to achieve quality goals. These frameworks will then be used for quality training where course instructors and lecturers will be trained on how to provide quality education to students. The progress made in quality educational improvement will be monitored to note if there are any inconsistencies in the improvement exercise and also any successes in the programs will be recorded for future developments and improvements. Such strategies and steps can be used by institutions of higher learning to impro ve the quality of education so that students can be able to achieve excellence in their studies (Bogue Bingham, 2003). When it comes to determining how these strategies can be used to improve the quality of education, certain aspects need to be considered for quality management to be successful. These aspects include the inputs, processes and outputs that make up the educational system where inputs include the transformational processes used to in part knowledge to students. Inputs are used within the transformation process to be transformed into outputs that are released back into the external environment. In the context of education, inputs are the human, physical and financial resources needed to make higher educational courses successful and they include students, faculty members and administrators (Hodson Thomas, 2003). Processes on the other hand refer to various operations or actions that are used to transform the inputs into outputs that can be measured against set out goa ls and objectives. The educational process involves a series of actions that are used to train, teach and transform students through educational programs, courses and classroom sessions. The transformational process within an institution of higher learning involves activities that are meant to disseminate knowledge while at the same time conduct research which will be beneficial to the learning process. Outputs are the tangible outcomes of the transformational process and they can either be value addition outcomes which include student employment, examination results and earnings or intangible outcomes which include educated people, contributing members of the society and contributing members of research work (Koslowski, 2006). These three aspects need to be considered when designing quality management systems that will be used to improve education in higher institutions. Once the suitable frameworks have been identified for improving inputs, processes and outputs, extension activit ies will be developed to apply these frameworks in the real educational context. Since the educational system does not operate in isolation, the extensional activities have to incorporate certain factors that exist in the external environment such as socio-cultural factors, economic factors, technological and political factors. These factors need to be considered as quality education ensures that the various problems within society can be solved. Extensional activities will therefore ensure that quality management in education has been directed towards promoting the development of the local community (Pratasavitskaya Stensaker, 2010). Conclusion The purpose of this study has been to assess the concept of quality management in higher educational institutions and also what strategies can be used to achieve quality management in educational programs. The discussion has focused on the aspect of quality in the general context and also in the education setting by identifying the various aspects that are used to improve organizational operations and processes. Quality in organizations involves ensuring the goods, services and processes used within organizations have met certain requirements or standards such as the ISO quality standards. 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Conceptualizing total quality management in higher education. The TQM Magazine, 16(2): 145- 159 Simin, W., Xuqing, Z., (2005). Educational quality and control modes of mass storage of higher education. Journal of Technology College Education. 10: 105-106 Tribus, M., (2011) Quality management in education. California: Exergy Incorporated This term paper on Quality Management in Education was written and submitted by user Eileen Obrien to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.